Q: 我想請問有關園藝方面用詞以及專有名詞.
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A: Gardening is a
very broad subject which covers many issues like growing, watering, soil, seedling, biology, horticulture, health and medicine. It is unlikely to finish all these issues in this small space. However, I’d like to show you an article containing useful knowledge about a kind of flower. The article is withdrawn via the google search engine which lists various useful websites about gardening. Anytime when you have a particular idea in mind, go to these sites to read for your interests. |
| How to grow Echinacea (Coneflowers): 除蟲菊 |
| These big, bold daisies from the American prairies add attractiveness to the back of a back yard. They make large flowering clumps from midsummer to early autumn, and are a magnet to bees and butterflies.The central cone or flower-head of the echinacea is actually composed of hundreds of tiny individual flowers. Native Americans used the plant particularly for snake bites and stings. Research indicates it's also effective for healing wounds and reducing inflammation.After flowering, the blooms make attractive seed heads which can be left over winter to feed the birds. Their long-lived flowers are excellent for cutting. |
| Growing tips |
| Echinacea plants need full sun. While good, fertile loam (黑土) is ideal, any decent soil is OK. Otherwise, they need very little care and, being sturdy, no staking(不須任何支撐物). Plants can be propagated (繁殖) through division (藉著接枝的方式繁殖), by taking cuttings of young shoots(嫩芽) in spring, or by sowing seed. |
| Problem solver |
| Coneflowers are long-lived and resistant to pests and diseases, but older plants can die for no apparent reason. Occasionally take cuttings as a precaution. (接枝時要小心.) Dried Echinacea petals can be used as herbal remedies (養生藥材; 草藥療法). But observe the advices by doctor when taking these herbal remedies as they are essential for health and medication purposes: |
 Herbs
should be purchased in clearly labeled containers from
reputable suppliers. 購買標示清楚而且由知名廠商提供的產品 |
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When
purchasing, always check for the percentage active ingredient on the labels. If there isn't any listed, the supplement is not likely to be effective. 購買時務必須詳查藥效每 種成份的百分比. 如果沒有標示, 則該養生藥材可能不會見效. |
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Look
for the words, 'standardized extract' on the label which
guarantees the potency of the active ingredients in the herb. 注意包裝袋上有無標示政府的正字標記, 來保證該藥材的藥效. |
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Determine
dosage check recommended levels on the product and follow them carefully, splitting the dose over the day, or consult a practitioner for advice. 用量是否清楚標示, 且要按照 指示服用; 每天用量依三餐, 分時段服用, 不清楚向醫生或藥局詢問. |
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Herbs
may be taken before or with food. Check label or ask practitioner for advice. 餐前服用或與食物一起服用, 須按照使用說 明或遵照醫生指示. |
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Herb
effects may be altered if combined with prescription drugs. Always consult a practitioner for advice if you are already taking medication. 如果該養生藥材有添加其他藥劑, 藥效 會因此改變. 因此服用前, 務必向醫生諮詢. |
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Many
herbs should not be taken while breastfeeding. See the
Contraindications' section for each herb. 餵母奶的婦女切切忌使 用草藥療法. 詳讀每種草藥可能引起的副作用. |
| Herbs may be taken in the following forms: 養生藥材使用的方式: |
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Infusion
- leaves or flowers are steeped in water to make a herbal tea. 茶包: 以茶包方式浸泡葉子或花苞飲用 |
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Decoction
- bark, twigs, roots, are simmered or boiled in water.
藥湯: 表皮, 枝子, 或根與水煮沸後喝其藥汁 |
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Tincture
- the herb is soaked in alcohol and water for a specific
length of time to give a stronger effect. 藥酒: 藥草與酒精加水一 起浸泡一段時間後服用可加強藥效 |
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Extracts
- parts of the herb are dried and powdered, or oils extracted, and made into tablets or capsules. 膠囊: 藥草曬乾後 磨成粉或粹取其精油再製成藥片或膠囊 |
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Creams
or ointments - the herbs are combined with oils, fats
and water heated with the herbs to form a cream or ointment once cooled.藥膏: 藥草混合植物油或脂肪與水, 加熱冷卻後製成藥 膏, 塗抹在皮膚上. |
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Poultices
- a mixture of fresh dried or powdered herbs is applied directly to a wound, or problem area and used to ease pain or draw out pus e.g. with boils.藥膏貼布: 將新鮮乾燥的藥草 磨成粉狀再製成膏, 作成貼片, 直接貼在傷口或疼痛處, 來減輕痛楚或 吸出瘍腫的膿水 |
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Compress
- a cloth is soaked in a water based herbal preparation and put on the affected area. 冷熱敷: 將一塊布浸泡 在藥草汁中一陣子, 再敷蓋在待治療的身體部分. |
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Oils
- the herbs are infused in hot or cold oil over time and
then poured into bottles for use as massage oils, etc. 乳液: 藥草浸泡 在熱或冷的植物油中一段長時間後到入瓶中. 按摩身體時, 草藥隨血 液循環至全身. |
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Essential
oils –may also be extracted from the herbs.
精油:
亦可 從藥草中粹取. |
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