Why are there five different sentence patterns? There two types of verbs in English; one is Intransitive Verb 不及物動詞) and the other is Transitive Verb. (及物動詞).
An intransitive verb does not have an object. It is often followed by nothing or a subject complement which can be an adjective or a noun. For example: S + Vi John ran. S + Vi + SC John looks cool. (cool- adjective) John is a doctor. (doctor- noun) When a transitive verb is used, the sentence can appear as the patterns below S + Vt+ O John likes sports. S + Vt + IO + DO John asked the teacher a question.
S + Vt + O + OC John calls his girlfriend "Sweaty".
Note: Some verbs can function transitively and intransitively with different meanings.
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