What can be the object (受詞)?  
    a. Noun and Pronoun: 

          For example:   David Smith dislikes  our new teacher  (noun).

                                     S          V t              O 

                                 Our new teacher likes him (pronoun).   

                                     S                  V t    O

                                 David Smith likes himself. (intensive-pronoun)

                                    S            V t      O

    b. Infinitive or Gerund (used as a noun or noun phrase):

        For example:   David can not refuse to love the girl.

                                                        (infinitive phrase).

                               S             V t                O

                           David enjoys helping his friends  (gerund phrase). 

                               S     V t               O

   c. Noun Clause:  

       For example:  David said that he had already said good-bye to his

                                                                          girl friend.

                                                                          (noun clause). 

                             S     V t                     O