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A. |
使用事件(stories,
examples, specific details)或個人的親身經驗(personal
experience) |
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Example 1: |
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One time our parrot got me into a lot of
trouble.
My dad said I had to stay home all weekend. I
disobeyed him and went out without telling him.
When I came in quietly late in the night, the
parrot loudly called out my name! My dad woke up
and saw me coming in. I was grounded (禁足)
for two weeks after that. |
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在這個短文裡One
time our parrot got me into a lot of trouble.
是主支援句而後面所有的敘述
(句子)為輔支援句,
因為這一段敘述係在說明寵物鸚鵡所帶 給作者的麻煩. |
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Example 2: |
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Lorenzo was a real talker! He spoke German to
the German shepherds; he meowed to the cats. He
quacked to the ducks, “Quack, quack, what pretty
ducks!” When the doorbell rang, he said, “Who is
it?” He sang along with the songs on the radio
–one word behind. (它隨著收音機唱歌--
只是它總慢半拍.) |
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B. |
使用理由,
原因,
或結果
(reasons, causes, effects) |
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Example 1: |
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When I was a child, I was chased by a large dog.
It was a terrifying experience. I can still hear
the pounding of his laws and his growling. I
thought he was going to eat me alive!
Therefore, dogs have always frightened me, and I
have never wanted to own one. |
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在這個短文裡 Therefore,
dogs have always frightened me, and I have never
wanted to own one.
是主支援句,
而前面所有的敘述為輔支援句.
這裡的主支援句是在陳述一項結果,
而前面的句子,
在敘述造成這項結果的原因--
一個恐怖的經驗,
這個恐怖的經驗,
來自兇狗的張牙舞爪及咆哮,
以及可能把這個嚇個半死的可憐孩子給生吞了.
是這個嚇人的原因,
使得作者不敢養狗 |
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Example 2: |
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Cats are more interesting than dogs. First of
all, cats are independent. They only come to
your lap if they want to. They are not like
dogs, who are always jumping up on you and
demanding attention. Cats don’t tie you down (黏人).
You can go away for a week without worrying
about them. Second, cats are cleaner. They keep
their bodies clean, and they don’t smell bad
like dogs. Also, unlike dogs, they cover up
their messes in the yard. |
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C. |
使用事實(facts),統計數字(statistics),書報雜誌的資訊或報導(information
from books, newspapers, or magazines) |
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Example 1: |
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Because of advances in medicine, pets are living
longer than they used to.
Cats may live from sixteen to twenty years.
Small dogs may live up to sixteen years, and
large ones, eleven. |
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在這個短文裡三個統計數字
(16-20, 16,
及11)
述說三件事實來說明寵物的壽命較之以往來得長久:
貓最長可長活到16-20歲,
小型狗16歲,
大型狗11歲,.
而往往數字或事實是來自閱讀書報雜誌或收聽廣播 |
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Example 2: |
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A random survey of ESL students in our program
regarding their pet preferences showed that dogs
are the most popular pet. Sixty percent of the
students liked dogs, and forty-eight percent had
actually had a dog at some time in their lives.
The most popular type of dog was the German
shepherd. Many students described this dog as
the most faithful and enjoyable to own. |
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(Resource: Kaleidoscope 2. by Sokmen and Mackey.
Houghton Mifflin. 1998) |
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