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Department: Life Science (A)
林渤昀, 籃娬娟, 林長鴻, 施玨如

Topic: Geography/Nation
Title: Egypt – the Forever City

Outline

 I. Introduction
     Thesis Statement: Egypt is a country full of old legends about the most
                                     mysterious pyramids and temples spread all over the desert.
                                     This old civilization of Egypt attracts many scholars to spend
                                     their whole life to study and discover many interesting stories.

    II. History
   A. Ancient Egypt
      1. Egypt is an everlasting culture in the world.
      2. Egypt has been ruled by many invaders like French and British.
      3. In Egypt, you can see the scars of wars.
      4. There are lots of imperial constructions like pyramids and giant columns
           supporting the massive temples.
      5. We can find glories of the great men and rulers but also their ultimate
           demise.
   B. Modern Egypt
      1. The very first unified kingdom arose about 3200 B.C.; however, it acquired
           full sovereignty after the world war II. 
      2. The government devotes itself in reforming economy.
      3. Because of the Nile River, Egypt maintains its richness.
      4. In 1896, Egypt became a world transportation hub.

II   III. Pyramid
 A. “the palace of the next life” as scribed on a pharaoh’s tomb
    1. Huge high ladder
    2. Inclined slopping stairway
    3. Time-consuming and manpower demanding
 B. Within the pyramid
    1. Many jars containing organs
    2. Big and small funerary objects
    3. Like a royal home
    4. Some people buried alive with the dead
 C. Building the pyramid 
    1. Erecting up to 130 meters
    2. Costing twenty or thirty or even 200 years to finish
    3. Putting 100,000 manpower to construct
    4. Using 2,500,000 pieces of granite

    IV. Egyptian temples
 A. Egyptian coliseums are older than the Roman Coliseum which is already
      2000 years old.
 B. There are many other functions performed inside the temples in addition to
      worship.
   1. Fortresses for protection
   2. Administration centers for public affairs
   3. Concrete expression for government propaganda
   4. Royal retreats
 C. The temples own valuable possessions.
   1. Land property
   2. Received donations
   3. Offered livestock for sacrifice
   4. Work offices for priests and engineers or work places for construction and
        maintenance workers
   5. Ruined by wars
 D. The temple is the symbol of king’s power and wealth.
   1. Godlike position
   2. Celebration of the king’s jubilees
   3. king’s heavenly residence

V V. Conclusion
Egypt is a great country which has many mysterious things that scholars cannot comprehend yet. The pyramids and the temples need us to understand and discuss. Therefore, we can know more Egyptian cultures.